Sx1276 Wireless Spread Spectrum 868MHz

Overview

SX1276 Wireless Spread Spectrum LoRa Transceiver Module operating at 868MHz. Based on the Semtech SX1276 chip, this module provides ultra-long range wireless communication using LoRa (Long Range) modulation technology. Ideal for IoT sensor networks, smart agriculture, asset tracking, remote monitoring, and low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) applications. Compatible with Arduino, ESP32, STM32, and Raspberry Pi.

Specifications

Parameter	Value
Model	SX1276 LoRa Module
Frequency Band	868MHz (EU frequency)
Modulation	LoRa / FSK / OOK
Output Power	+20dBm (100mW) max
Receiver Sensitivity	-148dBm
Communication Range	Up to 15km (line of sight)
Data Rate	0.018 – 37.5 kbps (LoRa)
Spreading Factor	SF6 – SF12
Bandwidth	7.8 – 500 kHz
Interface	SPI
Supply Voltage	3.3V
TX Current	120mA @ +20dBm
RX Current	9.9mA
Sleep Current	0.2μA
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C
Antenna Connector	SMA / U.FL

Features

• Ultra-long range — up to 15km line of sight
• LoRa spread spectrum — excellent interference immunity
• Extremely low power — 0.2μA sleep current
• High sensitivity — -148dBm receiver sensitivity
• SPI interface — easy integration with microcontrollers
• 868MHz EU band — license-free ISM band
• Adjustable spreading factor — balance range vs data rate
• Built-in AES-128 encryption — secure data transmission
• Compatible with LoRaWAN protocol
• FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) support

Pin Configuration

Pin	Description
VCC	3.3V power supply
GND	Ground
MOSI	SPI data input
MISO	SPI data output
SCK	SPI clock
NSS	SPI chip select (active LOW)
DIO0	Interrupt output (TX/RX done)
DIO1	Interrupt output (RX timeout)
DIO2	Interrupt output (FHSS)
RST	Module reset (active LOW)
ANT	Antenna connection

Wiring (ESP32)

SX1276	ESP32
VCC	3.3V
GND	GND
MOSI	GPIO23
MISO	GPIO19
SCK	GPIO18
NSS	GPIO5
RST	GPIO14
DIO0	GPIO26

Wiring (Arduino Uno)

SX1276	Arduino
VCC	3.3V
GND	GND
MOSI	Pin 11
MISO	Pin 12
SCK	Pin 13
NSS	Pin 10
RST	Pin 9
DIO0	Pin 2

Recommended Libraries

• Arduino: LoRa by Sandeep Mistry
• ESP32: RadioLib or LoRa library
• STM32: RadioLib
• Python (RPi): pyLoRa

LoRa vs FSK Mode

Feature	LoRa	FSK
Range	Very Long	Short-Medium
Data Rate	Low	High
Power	Low	Medium
Interference	Excellent	Good

⚠️ Important Notes

• Power supply must be 3.3V — do NOT connect to 5V (will damage module)
• Always use a proper antenna — never transmit without antenna connected
• 868MHz is EU band — check local regulations for your country
• Use logic level converter if connecting to 5V Arduino
• Keep antenna away from metal objects for best range

Applications

• LoRaWAN IoT sensor networks
• Smart agriculture monitoring
• Asset and fleet tracking
• Remote weather stations
• Smart metering (water, gas, electricity)
• Search and rescue tracking
• Industrial sensor networks
• Long-range remote control
• Smart city infrastructure
• LPWAN gateway nodes